Iron is one of the most versatile metallic elements currently in use. Its alloys have found thousands of industrial applications. But not all ferrometallic alloys are created equal, both figuratively and literally. The many alloys of iron developed for industrial applications have vastly different properties and grades, all of which make them suited for some jobs more than others.
By far the most versatile of the ferrometallic alloys is steel. Far stronger and less brittle than most iron alloys, steel and its many grades have been used for a broad array of applications from tools and machine parts to structural components in buildings and bridges such as girders and pipes. Most grades of steel, however, are as prone to corrosion as pure iron and its many subtypes. These are thus best used in applications that preclude constant exposure to water and atmospheric oxygen.
Trace elements within the steel can change its properties significantly. The addition of chromium, nickel, and silicon produce the various grades of stainless steel, which resists corrosion and is used for tools and other functions involving constant exposure to air and water. Manganese produces a form of steel resistant to high temperatures.
Prior to the widespread use of steel, which requires precise conditions to produce, cast iron was the alloy of choice. Comprising a higher level of carbon than steel, cast iron has great compressive strength, a lower casting temperature, and a lower overall cost, but is far more brittle. It is appropriate for casting into a variety of objects, hence the name. Cast iron is used in furniture, ornamental features like fences, and heavy-duty cookware.
A niche ferrometalic alloy is alnico, comprising primarily of iron mixed with aluminum, cobalt, nickel, and traces of other metals. It is typically used in electronics, such as loudspeaker magnets and pickups in electric guitars.
Chris Keehner heads DS Pipe & Steel Supply LLC, which provides a range of piping and steel construction materials to customers in Maryland and the surrounding states. For more details on the products the company offers, visit this website.